The influence of hydrophobic solvation on the alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl esters of polar substituted 2-methylpropionic acids in water

The rate constants of the alkaline hydrolysis of 2-methylpropionic acid ethyl ester, alpha-hydroxy, alpha-bromo, alpha-cyano, and alpha-nitro-2-methylpropionic acid ethyl ester have been measured in water between 5-degrees-C and 45-degrees-C with the help of an appropriate conductance bridge developed in our laboratory. The influence of the polar substituents on the rate constant, a powerful probe for discussing two-particle interactions in solutions, is characterized by an intramolecular structure parameter of the activated complex and a dielectric parameter of its surroundings. The dependence of the reaction rate of the structure parameter is compared to that of substituted acetic acid derivatives. The smaller dielectric parameter of 2-methylpropionic acid esters reveals the increasing hydrophobic solvation in comparison to acetic acid derivates

Amniotic fluid embolism: A case study and literature review

Amniotic fluid embolus is a rare and life threatening peripartum complication that requires quick recognition and emergent interdisciplinary management to provide the best chance of a positive outcome for the mother and infant. The following case study demonstrates the importance of quick recognition as well as an interdisciplinary approach in caring for such a condition. A literature review regarding the current recommendations for management of this condition follows as well as a proposed treatment algorithm